1944 Fairfax Virginia Armee Lkw Wrack Eisenbahn Foto Vintage Original

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Verkäufer: memorabilia111 ✉️ (808) 100%, Artikelstandort: Ann Arbor, Michigan, US, Versand nach: US und viele andere Länder, Artikelnummer: 176270374203 1944 FAIRFAX VIRGINIA ARMEE LKW WRACK EISENBAHN FOTO VINTAGE ORIGINAL. A VINTAGE ORIGINAL 7 1/8 X 9 INCH PHOTO OF A  FAIRFAX VIRGINIA WWII ARMY TRUCK WRECK NEAR RAILROAD A  WRECK FROM 1944
The City of Fairfax (/ˈfɛərfæks/ FAIR-faks), colloquially known as Fairfax City, Downtown Fairfax, Old Town Fairfax, Fairfax Courthouse, or simply just Fairfax, is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States.[5] As of the 2010 census the population was 22,565,[6] which had risen to an estimated 24,574 as of 2018.[7] The City of Fairfax is an enclave surrounded by the separate political entity Fairfax County. Fairfax City also contains an exclave of Fairfax County, the Fairfax County Court Complex. The City of Fairfax and the area immediately surrounding the historical border of the City of Fairfax, collectively designated by Fairfax County as "Fairfax", comprise the county seat of Fairfax County. The city is part of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as a part of Northern Virginia. The city is 17 miles (27 km) west of Washington, D.C. The Washington Metro's Orange Line serves Fairfax through its Vienna station, which is a mile northeast of the city limits. CUE Bus and Metrobus operate in Fairfax. Virginia Railway Express's Burke Centre station is situated three miles southeast of the city's boundaries. Virginia's largest public educational institution with 35,189 students in 2017 is George Mason University, which is located in unincorporated Fairfax County, along the city's southern border while still having a City of Fairfax address and sharing the same public transportation system.[8] Contents 1 History 1.1 Architecture 1.1.1 Sites on the National Register of Historic Places 2 Geography 3 Demographics 4 Economy 4.1 Top employers 5 Annual events 6 Local government and politics 6.1 Elected officials 6.2 Mayor arrested for distribution of methamphetamine 7 Education 7.1 Primary and secondary schools 7.2 Colleges and universities 7.3 Public libraries 8 Sports 8.1 Rugby League 9 Infrastructure 9.1 Roads 9.2 Public transportation 9.2.1 Rail 9.2.2 Bus 9.2.3 E-Scooters and Dockless Mobility 10 Notable people 11 See also 12 Notes 13 References History Fairfax Court House, Virginia, with Union soldiers in front and on the roof, June 1863 The city derives its name from Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, who was awarded 5,000,000 acres (20,000 km2) of land in northern Virginia by King Charles.[9] The area that the city now encompasses was settled in the early 18th century by farmers from Virginia's Tidewater region.[10] The town of "Providence" was established on the site by an act of the state legislature in 1805.[11] The scene of the first land battle of the Civil War, the Battle of Fairfax Court House took place here on June 1, 1861, after a Union scouting party clashed with the local militia with neither side gaining advantage. A second battle took place here two years later on June 27, 1863, where Union troops were defeated. This battle delayed the movements of Confederate cavalry chief Jeb Stuart with disastrous consequences for Lee at Gettysburg a few days later.[12] Fairfax was officially renamed the "Town of Fairfax" in 1859.[11] It was incorporated as a town in 1874.[11] It was incorporated as a city in 1961 by court order.[11] Under Virginia law the city was separated from Fairfax County yet remains the county seat.[13] In 1904 a trolley line connected Fairfax with Washington, D.C.[14] Architecture Piney Branch Mill was part of the Hope Park estate of Edward Payne in the 1800s. The former Fairfax County Courthouse is the oldest historic building in Fairfax. The first Fairfax courthouse was established in 1742 near present-day Tysons Corner, and is the namesake for Old Courthouse Road.[15] It intersects with Gallows Road, which today is a major commuter route, but at the time was the road where condemned prisoners were led to the gallows at the old courthouse.[16] In 1752, the courthouse was moved to Alexandria, which offered to build the new courthouse at their own expense. The reason the courthouse was moved from the Tysons Corner location was because of "Indian hostilities", as noted on the stone marker at the northwest corner of Gallows Road and Route 123. The courthouse operated there until 1790, when Virginia ceded the land where the courthouse was located for the creation of Washington, DC. The General Assembly specified that the new courthouse should be located in the center of the county, and was established at the corner of what was Old Little River Turnpike and is now Main Street and what was Ox Road and is now Chain Bridge Road on land donated by town founder Richard Ratcliffe.[17] The courthouse changed hands repeatedly during the Civil War, and the first officer casualty, John Quincy Marr, occurred on its grounds.[18] The first meeting of the Fairfax Court was held April 21, 1800.[19]:45 The oldest two-story building in the city, the Fairfax Public School[a] was built in 1873 for $2,750.[20] In addition to elementary school use the building has also housed special education, adult education, and police academy training.[21][22]:144 On July 4, 1992, the building became the Fairfax Museum and Visitor Center.[22]:156–157 Joseph Edward Willard built the town hall building in 1900 then gifted it to the then town in 1902.[23] The Old Town Hall now houses the Huddleston Library and the Fairfax Art League.[24] Sites on the National Register of Historic Places Fairfax, Virginia is located in Fairfax29 Diner29 DinerBlenheimBlenheimCity of Fairfax Historic DistrictCity of Fairfax Historic DistrictOld Fairfax County CourthouseOld Fairfax County CourthouseOld Fairfax County JailOld Fairfax County JailFairfax Public School[a]Fairfax Public School[a]Ratcliffe‑Allison HouseRatcliffe‑Allison House Site Built Address Listed 29 Diner[b] 1947 10536 Fairfax Boulevard 1992 Blenheim 1855 3610 Old Lee Highway 2001 City of Fairfax Historic District 1800 Junction of VA 236 and VA 123 1987 Old Fairfax County Courthouse[c] 1800 4000 Chain Bridge Road 1974 Old Fairfax County Jail[c] 1891 10475 Main Street 1981 Fairfax Public School[a] 1873 10209 Main Street 1992 Ratcliffe-Allison House 1812 10386 Main Street 1973 Geography Fairfax, Virginia is located in Fairfax AreaMontgomeryAlexandriaAlexandriaArlingtonFairfaxFairfaxFairfax CountyFalls ChurchFalls ChurchLoudounManassasManassasManassas ParkManassas ParkPrince WilliamWashington The city of Fairfax is located close to the geographic center of Fairfax County, at 38°51′9″N 77°18′15″W (38.852612, −77.304377). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.3 square miles (16.3 km2), of which all but 0.04 square miles (0.1 km2) is land.[6] While the city is the county seat, a small portion of the county comprising the courthouse complex, the jail and a small area nearby is itself an exclave of the county within the city.[25][26][27] Fairfax County's Government Center is west of the City of Fairfax.[28] Demographics Historical population Census Pop. %± 1880 376 — 1890 376 0.0% 1900 373 −0.8% 1910 413 10.7% 1920 516 24.9% 1930 640 24.0% 1940 979 53.0% 1950 1,946 98.8% 1960 13,585 598.1% 1970 21,970 61.7% 1980 20,537 −6.5% 1990 19,622 −4.5% 2000 21,498 9.6% 2010 22,565 5.0% Est. 2019 24,019 [2] 6.4% U.S. Decennial Census[29] 1790–1960[30] 1900–1990[31] 1990–2000[32] 2014 4th of July parade dance group Fraternidad Tinkus Wapurys As of the census[33] of 2010, there were 22,565 people, 8,347 households, and 5,545 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,581.7 people per square mile (1382.9/km²). There were 8,680 housing units at an average density of 1,377.8 per square mile (532.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 69.6% White, 15.2% Asian, 4.7% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 5.9% from other races, and 4.0% from two or more races. 15.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. In 2000 there were 8,347 households out of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.1% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.6% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.11. In the city, the population was spread out with 20.4% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 36.2% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males. The median income for a household in the city was $67,642, and the median income for a family was $78,921 (these figures had risen to $93,441 and $105,046 respectively as of a 2007 estimate).[34] Males had a median income of $50,348 versus $38,351 for females. The per capita income for the city was $31,247. About 2.4% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.3% of those under age 18 and 2.1% of those age 65 or over. Economy Old Town Fairfax has undergone an extensive redevelopment, which began in 2005.[35] The redevelopment added a new City of Fairfax Regional Library, more than 45,000 square feet (4,200 m2) of retail and restaurant space, more than 70,000 square feet (6,500 m2) of office condominiums, and 85 upscale residential condominium units.[36] In May 2009, Fairfax was rated as No. 3 in the "Top 25 Places to Live Well" by Forbes Magazine.[37] Forbes commended Fairfax for its strong public school system, high median salary, and a rate of sole proprietors per capita that ranks it in the top 1 percent nationwide. According to the magazine, "These factors are increasingly important in a recession. When businesses and jobs retract, as they have nationwide, municipalities with strong environments for start-ups, and those that offer attractive amenities, are better suited to recover from economic downtimes, as there are more business activity filling the void." Top employers According to the city's 2015 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[38] the top employers in the city are: # Employer # of Employees 1 G4S Secure Solutions[d] 410 2 Fairfax Rehabilitation & Nursing Center[e] 400 3 City of Fairfax 397 4 Inova Health System 390 5 Ted Britt Ford 300 6 Zeta Associates[f] 275 7 Multivision, Inc. 150 8 Rosenthal Fairfax Honda and Rosenthal Volkswagen Fairfax 150 9 Dominion Energy[g] 150 Annual events 2010 4th of July parade participants Clifton Horse Society and audience 2011 4th of July parade participants Just Klownin Virginia Car Club Chocolate Lovers Festival The annual Chocolate Lover's Festival is held in the heart of Old Town Fairfax during the first full weekend in February. Events have included craft shows, historic building open houses, children's activities, collections of vendors selling various edible chocolate products, and even chocolate sculpture contests.[40] Fairfax Civil War Day Every year, during the Spring, a Civil War re-enactment camp is held at the Blenheim estate, a city-owned historical property. The encampment features cultural information about Civil War-era people and practices, military muster, drill, and a firing demonstration.[41] Fairfax Spotlight on the Arts Each April, the City of Fairfax, in cooperation with George Mason University, Northern Virginia Community College and City of Fairfax schools, sponsors the Fairfax Spotlight on the Arts Festival. The festival runs for three weeks and features music, dance, theater, art and choral concerts. Events take place at venues throughout the city and the colleges.[42] National Trails Day In June, a National Trails Day is held to celebrate the trails, open spaces and parks in the City of Fairfax.[43] Independence Day Celebration Parade and Evening Show The largest hometown parade and fireworks celebration in the Washington metropolitan region is held in the City of Fairfax. The day's events include a parade through Old Town Fairfax, tours of historic buildings and local museums, an Old Fashioned Fireman's Day at the Fire Station #3, and a live concert and fireworks display at Fairfax High School.[44] Irish Festival In September, a festival of Irish and Celtic song, dance and music is held in and around Old Town Fairfax.[45] Fall for the Book Festival Each fall, the Fall for the Book Festival features readings, discussions, lectures and exhibits from nationally recognized writers and professionals. Festival events are held in the City of Fairfax, at George Mason University, and throughout the metropolitan Washington region. Two community reading programs coordinate with Fall for the Book: "All Fairfax Reads," coordinated by the Fairfax County Public Library, and "Mason Reads" at George Mason University.[46] Fall Festival A Fall Festival is held in historic Old Town Fairfax on the second Saturday in October. This event includes more than 500 arts, crafts, and food vendors, and is usually held outdoors on the streets of the city. Attendance is about 35,000 to 45,000.[47] The Holiday Craft Show An annual Holiday Craft Show is held at Fairfax High School on the third Saturday and Sunday of November. The event features hundreds of craft vendors. Attendance is about 8,000 to 10,000.[48] Festival of Lights & Carols On the first Saturday in December, the city holds a Festival of Lights and Carols. Activities include photos with Santa, caroling, a yule log, hot mulled cider, illumination of Old Town Fairfax, and the lighting of the city Christmas tree.[49] Local government and politics As an independent city of Virginia rather than an incorporated town within a county, Fairfax derives its governing authority from the Virginia General Assembly. In order to revise the power and structure of the city government, the city must request the General Assembly to amend the charter. The present charter was granted in 1966.[11] An exclave of Fairfax County is located within the City of Fairfax.[26][27] Presidential Elections Results[50] Year Republican Democratic Third Parties 2016 30.8% 3,702 61.3% 7,367 8.0% 959 2012 41.1% 4,775 57.2% 6,651 1.8% 203 2008 41.2% 4,691 57.7% 6,575 1.2% 132 2004 47.8% 5,045 51.2% 5,395 1.0% 106 2000 49.8% 4,762 45.6% 4,361 4.5% 433 1996 49.4% 4,319 44.7% 3,909 5.9% 517 1992 44.7% 4,333 40.1% 3,884 15.2% 1,476 1988 61.3% 5,576 37.7% 3,430 1.0% 95 1984 65.4% 6,234 34.2% 3,263 0.4% 41 1980 55.9% 4,475 32.7% 2,614 11.4% 915 1976 53.4% 4,174 44.3% 3,464 2.4% 185 1972 67.7% 5,063 30.4% 2,274 1.9% 138 1968 48.7% 2,963 35.4% 2,153 15.9% 968 1964 40.4% 1,924 59.5% 2,835 0.2% 7 Elected officials In May on even-numbered years, city voters elect a Mayor and six at-large Councilmembers, and five at-large School Board members. Th to serve two-year terms. These offices are non-partisan and at-large, and there are no term limits.[11] City voters also elect the two city constitutional officers: Treasurer and Commissioner of the Revenue for four-year terms. Other elected officials who serve the city elected by city voters include the Sheriff (four-year term), Commonwealth's Attorney (four-year term), and Clerk of the Court (eight-year term). State elected officials who represent the City of Fairfax include the Virginia Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Virginia Senator (34th District), and Virginia Delegate (37th District). Federal elected officials who represent the City of Fairfax include the U.S. President, U.S. Vice President, two U.S. Senators (six-year terms), and one U.S. Representative, 11th District (two-year term). Mayor arrested for distribution of methamphetamine On August 4, 2016, then-Mayor Scott Silverthorne (D) was arrested in a sting operation conducted by the Fairfax County Police Department. After receiving a tip that he was involved in drugs-related activities online, a police detective engaged Silverthorne on an online website "...used to arrange for casual sexual encounters between men."[51] The detective then arranged a meeting with Silverthorne and two other men, in which they agreed to exchange methamphetamine. At the meeting in Tyson's Corner, Virginia, detectives performed the exchange and then arrested Silverthorne along with the two other men. He was charged with felony distribution of methamphetamine and misdemeanor possession of drug paraphernalia.[51] He announced his resignation on Monday, August 8, 2016, in a letter to the City Council.[52] Despite news media seizing the salacious "drugs-for-sex" aspect of the story, Silverthorne maintains that he was not distributing methamphetamine "for sex," and he was not tried for any sexual crimes.[53] Education Fairfax, Virginia is located in FairfaxFairfax High SchoolFairfax High SchoolLanier Middle SchoolLanier Middle SchoolDaniels Run Elementary SchoolDaniels Run Elementary SchoolProvidence Elementary SchoolProvidence Elementary School Primary and secondary schools Fairfax High School The public schools in the City of Fairfax are owned by the city, but administered by the Fairfax County Public Schools system under contractual agreement with Fairfax County.[54] U.S. News & World Report often ranks Fairfax County schools among the best in the country. City of Fairfax schools are Fairfax High School, Lanier Middle School, Daniels Run Elementary School, Providence Elementary School, and Fairfax Academy.[54] Schools within the city that are not owned by the government include the Boyd School,[h] Gesher Jewish Day School, Kellar School of Inova Kellar Center,[i] Lee Highway KinderCare,[j] Little Flock Christian School, Northern Virginia Christian Academy, Oak Valley Center,[k] Paul VI Catholic High School(moved in 2020-2021),[l] The Salvation Army University View Child Care Center,[m] Saint Leo The Great School,[n] Trinity Christian School, and Truro Preschool & Kindergarten.[o][55] Colleges and universities George Mason University, the largest university in the Commonwealth of Virginia, is located just to the south of the Fairfax city limits.[56] Mason began as an extension of the University of Virginia in 1949 named the Northern Virginia University Center of the University of Virginia.[57] The Town of Fairfax purchased 150 acres (0.61 km2) for the university in 1958, though the property remained within the county when the town became a city. After several name changes in 1972 the institution became George Mason University.[58] Mason is most known for its programs in economics, law, creative writing, computer science, and business.[59] In recent years, George Mason faculty have twice won the Nobel Prize in Economics.[60] The university enrolls 33,917 students, making it the largest university by head count in the Commonwealth of Virginia.[61][better source needed] Public libraries Fairfax County Public Library operates the City of Fairfax Regional Library in Fairfax. The library includes the Virginia Room, a collection of books, photographs, and manuscripts related to Fairfax County history, government, and genealogy.[62] Sports Rugby League The Fairfax Eagles rugby league team plays in the American National Rugby League. Infrastructure Roads The junction of US 29, US 50 and SR 237 in Fairfax The intersection of U.S. Route 50 and U.S. Route 29 is located in the northeast corner of the city. The two major highways join to form Fairfax Boulevard for approximately 2.8 miles (4.5 km) through the city before separating. State Route 123, State Route 236 and State Route 237 pass through the city. SR 236 is named Main Street in the city and then becomes Little River Turnpike once the city line is crossed. Interstate 66 passes just outside the city limits and is the major highway serving the Fairfax region. Connections to I-66 from the city can be made via U.S. Route 50 and State Route 123. Public transportation A Northeast Regional train at Burke Centre station in August 2010 Rail Although these stations are located outside city limits, trips to and from Fairfax are served by: The Vienna station of the Washington Metro The Burke Centre station of Virginia Railway Express and Amtrak Bus The City of Fairfax operates the CUE Bus, an independent bus network. Multiple routes of the Washington Metrobus serve Fairfax. E-Scooters and Dockless Mobility In February 2019, the city has launched a one-year pilot program for e-scooters and other dockless transportation.[63] Three micro-mobility companies have been chosen to run the pilot, Bird company[64] alongside Lime and Spin. Notable people Adam Birch, former WWE professional wrestler known as Joey Mercury; born in Fairfax[65] Bobby (Kim Ji-Won), rapper in popular South Korean pop group iKon[66] Sam Champion (raised in Fairfax and a graduate of Fairfax High School), weather anchor of ABC's Good Morning America and weather editor of ABC News[67] Serena Deeb, former WWE professional wrestler; born in Fairfax[68] Lewis J. Fields, United States Marine Corps Lieutenant general, lived in Fairfax following his retirement from military.[69] Victor Gold, journalist and political consultant who resided in Fairfax.[70] Will "Meteos" Hartman, League of Legends player for Cloud9 and Phoenix1, born in Massachusetts and raised in Fairfax[71] Christina Hendricks, actress, went to high school in Fairfax[72] Joseph R. Jelinek, United States Army brigadier general, lived in Fairfax while serving as Deputy Director of the Army National Guard[73] Courtney Jines, actress[74] Lamar Johnstone (1886–1919), silent film actor[75]:182 Brian Kendrick, WWE wrestler, born in Fairfax[76] Sabrina Lloyd, actress on the TV series Sliders and Sports Night, born in Fairfax[74] Jay Matternes, paleoartist[77]:69 TobyMac, award-winning Christian singer/songwriter[74] Lorenzo Odone, subject of the 1992 film Lorenzo's Oil[78]:126 Park Yu-hwan, South Korean-born actor, and brother of Yoochun; raised in Fairfax.[79] Aldric Saucier, scientist and whistleblower.[80][81] Mike Schleibaum, band Darkest Hour founding member and guitarist, born in Fairfax[82] Michael Schwimer, Major League Baseball player[83] Nathan Sonenshein, rear admiral[84]:1228 Frank Stephens, disability advocate, actor and athlete[85] Victoria Stiles, makeup artist[86] Jason Sudeikis, actor and comedian, formerly a cast member of Saturday Night Live[87] Pierre Thuot, Space Shuttle astronaut aboard Atlantis, Endeavour, and Columbia, raised in Fairfax and graduated from Fairfax High School[88] Matt Tifft, NASCAR driver Jarvis Varnado, former NBA player Yoochun, South Korean-born actor, member of pop band JYJ, and former member of TVXQ; raised in Fairfax[79] Fairfax County, officially the County of Fairfax is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. Part of Northern Virginia, Fairfax County borders both the City of Alexandria and Arlington County and forms part of the suburban ring of Washington, D.C. The county is thus predominantly suburban in character, with some urban and rural pockets. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,081,726,[1] in 2019, it was estimated at 1,147,532,[2] making it the Commonwealth's most populous jurisdiction, with around 13% of Virginia's population. The county is also the most populous jurisdiction in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, with around 20% of the MSA population, as well as the larger Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area, with around 13% of the CSA population. The county seat is the City of Fairfax, though because it is an independent city under Virginia law, the city of Fairfax is not part of Fairfax County.[3] Fairfax was the first U.S. county to reach a six-figure median household income and has the second-highest median household income of any county-level local jurisdiction in the United States after neighboring Loudoun County.[4][5] The county is home to the headquarters of intelligence agencies such as the Central Intelligence Agency, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, and National Reconnaissance Office, as well as the National Counterterrorism Center and Office of the Director of National Intelligence. The county is also home to seven Fortune 500 companies, including three with Falls Church addresses; although Falls Church is its own independent municipality.[6] Contents 1 History 2 Geography 2.1 Adjacent jurisdictions 3 Geology 4 Government and politics 5 Demographics 6 Education 7 Economy 7.1 Tysons Corner 7.2 Employment 7.3 Top employers 8 Arts and culture 9 Transportation 9.1 Roads 9.2 Major highways 9.3 Air 9.4 Public transportation 10 Parks and recreation 10.1 Trails 11 Communities 11.1 Census-designated places 11.2 Other communities 12 Notable people 13 Sister cities 14 See also 15 Notes 16 External links History Piney Branch Mill, southeast of Fairfax city, Historic American Buildings Survey CIA headquarters in Langley At the time of first European encounter, the inhabitants of what would become Fairfax County were an Algonquian-speaking sub-group called the Taux, also known as the Doeg or Dogue. Their villages, as recorded by Captain John Smith in 1608, included Namassingakent and Nemaroughquand on the south bank of the Potomac River in what is now Fairfax County.[7] Virginian colonists from the Northern Neck region drove the Doeg out of this area and into Maryland by 1670. Fairfax County was formed in 1742 from the northern part of Prince William County. It was named after Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron (1693–1781), proprietor of the Northern Neck.[8][9] The Fairfax family name is derived from the Old English phrase for "blond hair" – Fæger-feax. The oldest settlements in Fairfax County were along the Potomac River. George Washington settled in Fairfax County and built his home, Mount Vernon, facing the river. Gunston Hall, the home of George Mason is nearby. Modern Fort Belvoir is partly on the estate of Belvoir Manor, built along the Potomac by William Fairfax in 1741. Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, the only member of the British nobility ever to reside in the colonies, lived at Belvoir before he moved to the Shenandoah Valley. The Belvoir mansion and several of its outbuildings were destroyed by fire immediately after the Revolutionary War in 1783, and George Washington noted the plantation complex deteriorated into ruins. In 1757, the northwestern two-thirds of Fairfax County became Loudoun County. In 1789, part of Fairfax County was ceded to the federal government to form Alexandria County of the District of Columbia. Alexandria County was returned to Virginia in 1846, reduced in size by the secession of the independent city of Alexandria in 1870, and renamed Arlington County in 1920. The Fairfax County town of Falls Church became an independent city in 1948.[10] The Fairfax County town of Fairfax became an independent city in 1961.[11] Battles on Bull Run, near Manassas, on the line of Fairfax & Prince William Counties, in Virginia, fought between the forces of the Confederate States and of the United States of America : Gene'ls. Beauregard and Johnston commanding the Confederate and Genl. McDowell, the United States forces, on the 21st of July, 1861, from 7 a.m.-9 p.m[12] Located near Washington, D.C., Fairfax County was an important region in the Civil War. The Battle of Chantilly or Ox Hill, during the same campaign as the second Battle of Bull Run, was fought within the county; Bull Run is the border between Fairfax and Prince William Counties. Other areas of activity included Minor's Hill, Munson's Hill, and Upton's Hill, on the county's eastern border, overlooking Washington, D.C. The federal government's growth during and after World War II spurred rapid growth in the county and made the county increasingly suburban. Other large businesses continued to settle in Fairfax County and the opening of Tysons Corner Center spurred the rise of Tysons Corner. The technology boom and a steady government-driven economy also created rapid growth and an increasingly growing and diverse population. The economy has also made Fairfax County one of the nation's wealthiest counties.[13] A general aviation airport located along U.S. Route 50, west of Seven Corners called the Falls Church Airpark operated in the county from 1948 to 1960. The facility's 2,650 foot unpaved runway was used extensively by private pilots and civil defense officials. Residential development, multiple accidents, and the demand for retail space led to its closure in 1960.[14][15][16] Geography Fairfax County, Virginia is located in Fairfax AreaMontgomeryAlexandriaAlexandriaArlingtonFairfaxFairfaxFairfax CountyFalls ChurchFalls ChurchLoudounManassasManassasManassas ParkManassas ParkPrince WilliamWashington According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 406 square miles (1,050 km2), of which 391 square miles (1,010 km2) is land and 15 square miles (39 km2) (3.8%) is water.[17] Fairfax County is bounded on the north and southeast by the Potomac River. Across the river to the northeast is Washington, D.C., across the river to the north is Montgomery County, Maryland, and across the river to the southeast are Prince George's County, Maryland and Charles County, Maryland. The county is partially bounded on the north and east by Arlington County and the independent cities of Alexandria and Falls Church. It is bounded on the west by Loudoun County, and on the south by Prince William County. Most of the county lies in the Piedmont region, with rolling hills and deep stream valleys such as Difficult Run and its tributaries. West of Route 28, the hills give way to a flat, gentle valley which stretches west to the Bull Run Mountains in Loudoun County. Elevations in the county range from near sea level along the tidal sections of the Potomac River in the southeast portion of the county to more than 500 feet (150 m) in the Tysons Corner area. Adjacent jurisdictions Arlington County – east Charles County, Maryland – southeast City of Alexandria – east City of Fairfax – surrounded by Fairfax County City of Falls Church – east Loudoun County – northwest Montgomery County, Maryland – north Prince George's County, Maryland – east Prince William County – southwest Geology The Piedmont hills in the central county are made up of ancient metamorphic rocks such as schist, the roots of several ancestral ranges of the Appalachians. The western valley is floored with more recent shale and sandstone. This geology is similar to adjacent bands of rocks in Maryland and further south in Virginia along the eastern front of the Appalachians. An area of 11 square miles (30 km2) of the county is known to be underlain with natural asbestos.[18] Much of the asbestos is known to emanate from fibrous tremolite or actinolite. The threat was discovered in 1987, prompting the county to establish laws to monitor air quality at construction sites, control soil taken from affected areas, and require freshly developed sites to lay 6 inches (150 mm) of clean, stable material over the ground.[19][20] For instance, during the construction of Centreville High School a large amount of asbestos-laden soil was removed and then trucked to Vienna for the construction of the I-66/Nutley Street interchange. Fill dirt then had to be trucked in to make the site level.[citation needed] Marine clays can be found in widespread areas of the county east of Interstate 95, mostly in the Lee and Mount Vernon districts. These clays contribute to soil instability, leading to significant construction challenges for builders.[21] Government and politics Fairfax County uses the urban county executive form of government, which county voters approved in a 1966 referendum.[22][23] Under the urban county executive plan, the county is governed by the 10-member Fairfax County Board of Supervisors with the day-to-day running of the county tasked to the appointed Fairfax County executive. Nine of the board members are elected from the single-member districts of Braddock, Dranesville, Hunter Mill, Lee, Mason, Mount Vernon, Providence, Springfield, and Sully, while the chairman is elected at-large. In addition to the Board of Supervisors, three constitutional officers; the Commonwealth's attorney, clerk of the Circuit Court and sheriff, as well as the 12 members of the Fairfax County School Board, are directly elected by the voters of Fairfax County. The Fairfax County Government Center is west of the City of Fairfax in an unincorporated area.[24] Fairfax County contains an exclave unincorporated area in the central business district of the City of Fairfax, in which many county facilities (including the courthouses and jail) are located.[25][26] Fairfax County was once considered a Republican bastion. However, in recent years Democrats have made significant inroads, gaining control of the Board of Supervisors and the School Board (officially nonpartisan) as well as the offices of sheriff and Commonwealth attorney. Democrats also hold all of the Fairfax seats in the Virginia House of Delegates and every seat in the Senate. Fairfax County encompasses portions of three congressional districts, the 8th District, the 10th District, and the 11th District. Democrats represent all three districts with Jennifer Wexton representing the 10th District, Don Beyer representing the 8th District, and Gerry Connolly representing the 11th District. Communities closer to Washington, D.C., generally favor Democrats by a larger margin than outlying communities. In elections in 2000, 2001, and 2005, Fairfax County supported Democrats for U.S. Senate and governor. In 2004, Democratic presidential nominee John Kerry won the county, becoming the first Democrat to do so since Lyndon B. Johnson in his 1964 landslide (the last time Democrats carried the state until 2008). Kerry defeated George W. Bush in the county 53% to 46%. Democratic gubernatorial candidate Tim Kaine carried Fairfax County with over 60% of the vote in 2005, helping him to win 51.7% of votes statewide. In 2006, U.S. Senate candidate Jim Webb (D) carried the county with 58.9% of the votes, while winning the statewide election. In the state and local elections of November 2007, Fairfax Democrats picked up one seat in the House of Delegates, two seats in the Senate, and one seat on the Board of Supervisors, making their majority there 8–2. On November 4, 2008, Fairfax County continued its shift towards the Democrats, with Barack Obama and Mark Warner each garnering over 60% of the vote for president and U.S. Senate, respectively. Also, the Fairfax-anchored 11th District United States House of Representatives seat held by Thomas M. Davis for 14 years was won by Gerry Connolly, the Democratic Chairman of the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. Braddock supervisor Sharon Bulova won a special election on February 3, 2009 to succeed Gerry Connolly as chairman of the Board of Supervisors, continuing a Democratic hold on the office that dates to 1995. Delegate David Marsden won a special election on January 12, 2010 to succeed Ken Cuccinelli in the 37th State Senate district.[27] Following this election, Fairfax County is now represented in the Virginia State Senate by an all-Democratic delegation.[28] In the 2010 congressional elections, Republican challenger Keith Fimian nearly defeated Democratic incumbent Gerry Connolly in the election for the 11th District seat, but Connolly won by 981 votes out of over 225,000 cast (a margin of 0.4%). Jim Moran and Frank Wolf were re-elected by margins of 61%–37% and 63%–35%, respectively. In 2012, Fairfax County solidly backed Barack Obama for re-election as president, with Obama nearly equaling his 2008 performance thereby winning the county 59.6% to 39.1%. Former Governor Tim Kaine, running for the U.S. Senate in 2012, carried Fairfax County with 61% percent of the vote as part of his statewide victory. Representatives Connolly (D), Moran (D), and Wolf (R) were also reelected. Although Republican governor Bob McDonnell won Fairfax County with 51% in November 2009, the Republican resurgence in Fairfax was short-lived. Four years later, in the November 2013 election, Democratic gubernatorial candidate Terry McAuliffe won Fairfax County with 58% of the vote, defeating incumbent state Attorney General and former Republican state senator from Fairfax, Ken Cuccinelli. McAuliffe's running mates, Ralph Northam and Mark Herring, also carried Fairfax County in their respective bids for lieutenant governor and attorney general. These Democratic victories mirrored the Democratic ticket's sweep of the state's three executive offices for the first time since 1989. In the 2016 general election, Fairfax continued its trend towards Democratic candidates. Congressmen Beyer (D) and Connolly (D) were reelected, the latter of whom ran unopposed. Further, Fairfax County supported Hillary Clinton with 64.4% of the vote to Trump's 28.6%, mirroring a heavy swing towards Democrats in Northern Virginia. Presidential elections results County Board of Supervisors Position Name Party First Election District   Chairman Jeff McKay Democratic 2019 At-large   Supervisor James R. Walkinshaw Democratic 2019 Braddock   Supervisor John Foust Democratic 2007 Dranesville   Supervisor Walter L. Alcorn Democratic 2019 Hunter Mill   Supervisor Rodney L. Lusk Democratic 2019 Lee   Supervisor Penelope Gross Democratic 1995 Mason   Supervisor Daniel "Dan" Storck Democratic 2015 Mount Vernon   Supervisor Dalia A. Palchik Democratic 2019 Providence   Supervisor Patrick "Pat" Herrity Republican 2007 Springfield   Supervisor Kathy Smith Democratic 2015 Sully Constitutional Officers Position Name Party First Election District   Sheriff Stacey Kincaid Democratic 2013 At-large   Commonwealth's Attorney Steve Descano Democratic 2019 At-large   Clerk of Circuit Court John T. Frey Republican 1991 At-large Delegates Position Name Party First Election District Delegate Kathleen Murphy Democratic 2015 34   Delegate Mark Keam Democratic 2009 35   Delegate Ken Plum Democratic 1977 36   Delegate David Bulova Democratic 2005 37   Delegate Kaye Kory Democratic 2009 38   Delegate Vivian Watts Democratic 1981 39   Delegate Dan Helmer Democratic 2019 40   Delegate Eileen Filler-Corn Democratic 2010 41   Delegate Kathy Tran Democratic 2017 42   Delegate Mark Sickles Democratic 2003 43   Delegate Paul Krizek Democratic 2015 44   Delegate Mark Levine Democratic 2015 45   Delegate Rip Sullivan Democratic 2014 48   Delegate Alfonso Lopez Democratic 2011 49   Delegate Marcus Simon Democratic 2013 53   Delegate Karrie Delaney Democratic 2017 67   Delegate Ibraheem Samirah Democratic 2019 86 Senators Position Name Party First Election District Senator Adam Ebbin Democratic 2011 30 Senator Barbara Favola Democratic 2011 31 Senator Janet Howell Democratic 1991 32 Senator Jennifer Boysko Democratic 2019 33 Senator Chap Petersen Democratic 2007 34 Senator Dick Saslaw Democratic 1980 35 Senator Scott Surovell Democratic 2015 36 Senator Dave Marsden Democratic 2010 37 Senator George Barker Democratic 2007 39 Demographics Historical population Census Pop. %± 1790 12,320 — 1800 13,317 8.1% 1810 13,111 −1.5% 1820 11,404 −13.0% 1830 9,204 −19.3% 1840 9,370 1.8% 1850 10,682 14.0% 1860 11,834 10.8% 1870 12,952 9.4% 1880 16,025 23.7% 1890 16,655 3.9% 1900 18,580 11.6% 1910 20,536 10.5% 1920 21,943 6.9% 1930 25,264 15.1% 1940 40,929 62.0% 1950 98,557 140.8% 1960 275,002 179.0% 1970 455,021 65.5% 1980 596,901 31.2% 1990 818,584 37.1% 2000 969,749 18.5% 2010 1,081,726 11.5% Est. 2019 1,147,532 [30] 6.1% U.S. Decennial Census[31] 1790–1960[32] 1900–1990[33] 1990–2000[34] As of 2010, there were 1,081,726 people, 350,714 households, and 250,409 families residing in the county. The population density was 2,455 people per square mile (948/km²). There were 359,411 housing units at an average density of 910 per square mile (351/km²). The ethnic makeup of the county was: percentage ethnic group 62.68% White 9.17% Black or African American 0.36% Native American 17.53% Asian 0.07% Pacific Islander 4.54% other races 3.65% two or more races. 15.58% Hispanics or Latinos of any race. The largest ancestry groups were: percentage ancestry group 11.2% German 10.2% Irish 8.6% English 5.1% American 5.1% Italian 4.1% Indian 4.0% Salvadoran 3.8% Korean 3.3% Sub-Saharan African 2.7% Vietnamese 2.6% Polish 2.4% Chinese 2.4% Arabs 2.2% Scottish 1.9% French 1.8% Spanish 1.7% Mexican 1.7% Bolivian 1.4% Filipino 1.4% Russian 1.3% Scotch-Irish 1.2% Peruvian 1.1% Honduran 1.0% Guatemalan 1.0% Pakistani Ethnic structure of Fairfax County   White (62.7%)   Asian (17.5%)   Black (9.2%)   Other (6.5%)   Two or more races (3.6%)   Native (0.4%)   Pacific islander (0.1%) In 2000, there were 350,714 households, of which 36.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.40% were married couples living together, 8.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.60% were non-families. 21.40% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.20. The age distribution was 25.40% under the age of 18, 7.50% from 18 to 24, 33.90% from 25 to 44, 25.30% from 45 to 64, and 7.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.20 males. The median income for a household in the county was $81,050, and the median income for a family was $92,146; in a 2007 estimate, these figures rose to $102,460 and $120,804, respectively. Males had a median income of $60,503 versus $41,802 for females. The per capita income for the county was $36,888. About 3.00% of families and 4.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.20% of those under age 18 and 4.00% of those age 65 or over. A more recent report from the 2007 American Community Survey indicated that poverty in Fairfax County, Virginia had risen to 4.9%.[5] Judged by household median income, Fairfax County is among the highest-income counties in the country, and was first on that list for many years[specify]. However, in the 2000 census it was overtaken by Douglas County, Colorado. According to U.S. Census Bureau estimates for 2005, it had the second-highest median household income behind neighboring Loudoun County, at $94,610. In 2007, Fairfax County reclaimed its position as the richest county in America, in addition to becoming the first county in American history to have a median household income in excess of $100,000, though not the first jurisdiction.[35] In 2008, Loudoun County reclaimed the first position, with Fairfax County a statistically insignificant second.[36][37] In 2012, the median household income in Fairfax County was $108,439.[38] Fairfax County males have the highest life expectancy in the nation at 81.1 years, while females had the eighth-highest at 83.8 years.[39] Education Children play frisbee baseball at one of Fairfax County's elementary schools. The county is served by the Fairfax County Public Schools system, to which the county government allocates 52.2% of its fiscal budget.[40] Including state and federal government contributions, along with citizen and corporate contributions, this brings the 2008 fiscal budget for the school system to $2.2 billion.[41] The school system has estimated that, based on the 2008 fiscal year budget, the county will be spending $13,407 on each student.[42] The Fairfax County Public School system contains the Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, a Virginia Governor's School. TJHSST consistently ranks at or near the top of all United States high schools due to the extraordinary number of National Merit Semi-Finalists and Finalists, the high average SAT scores of its students, and the number of students who annually perform nationally recognized research in the sciences and engineering. However, as a Governor's School, TJHSST draws students not only from Fairfax County, but also Arlington, Loudoun, Fauquier, and Prince William counties, as well as the City of Falls Church. Fairfax County is also home to many Catholic elementary and middle schools. The schools fall under the Roman Catholic Diocese of Arlington. The Oakcrest School is a Catholic school in Fairfax County, which is not run by the Diocese. Paul VI Catholic High School is the Diocese run Catholic High School for Fairfax County. George Mason University is located just outside the city of Fairfax, near the geographic center of Fairfax County. Northern Virginia Community College (NVCC) serves Fairfax County with campuses in Annandale and Springfield a center in Reston which is a satellite branch of the Loudoun campus. The NVCC Alexandria campus borders Fairfax County. The University of Fairfax is also headquartered in Vienna, Virginia. Virginia Commonwealth University's School of Medicine recently constructed a medical campus wing at Inova Fairfax Hospital in order to allow third and fourth year medical students to study at other state-of-the-art facilities in the Northern Virginia region.[43] Economy Fairfax County is, along with Washington, a "core" employment jurisdiction of the Washington Metropolitan Area as indicated by this map. A U.S. Department of Labor study published in 2007 described Fairfax County as the second "economic pillar" of the Washington-area economy, along with the District of Columbia. The county has been described in Time as "one of the great economic success stories of our time."[44] Fairfax County's economy revolves around professional services and technology. Many residents work for the government or for contractors of the federal government. The government is the largest employer, with Fort Belvoir in southern Fairfax being the county's single largest location of federal employment. Fairfax County has a gross county product of about $95 billion.[citation needed] Fairfax County also is home to major employers such as Volkswagen Group of America, Hilton Worldwide,[45] CSC (formerly Computer Sciences Corporation), Northrop Grumman, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Leidos, Booz Allen Hamilton, Gannett, Capital One, General Dynamics, ICF International, Freddie Mac, Sallie Mae, ManTech International, Mars, NII and NVR. The county is home to seven Fortune 500 company headquarters,[46] 11 Hispanic 500 companies,[47] and five companies on the Black Enterprise 500 list. Northrop Grumman announced in 2010 that it would move its corporate headquarters from Los Angeles to Fairfax County. The county's economy is supported by the Fairfax County Economic Development Authority, which provides services and information to promote Fairfax County as a leading business and technology center. The FCEDA is the nation's largest non-state economic development authority. Fairfax County is also home to the Northern Virginia Technology Council, a trade association for local technology companies. It is the nation's largest technology council, with technology industry figures such as Bill Gates and Meg Whitman speaking at various local banquets.[48][49] Fairfax County has a higher concentration of high-tech workers than the Silicon Valley.[50] Tysons Corner The Tysons Corner CDP of Fairfax County is Virginia's largest office market and the nation's largest suburban business district with 26,600,000 square feet (2,470,000 m2) of office space.[51][52] It is the country's 12th-largest business district, and is expected to grow substantially in the coming decades. It contains a quarter of the county's total office space inventory, which was 105,200,000 square feet (9,770,000 m2) at year-end 2006, which is about the size of Lower Manhattan.[53] The area is noted by Forbes as "often described as the place where the Internet was invented, but today it looks increasingly like the center of the global military-industrial complex"[54] due to being home to the nation's first ISPs (many of whom are now defunct), while attracting numerous defense contractors who have relocated from other states to or near Tysons Corner. Every weekday, Tysons Corner draws over 100,000 workers from around the region. It also draws 55,000 shoppers every weekday as it is home to neighboring super-regional malls Tysons Corner Center and Tysons Galleria. In comparison, Washington, D.C., draws 15 million visitors annually, or the equivalent of 62,500 per weekday. After years of stalling and controversy, the $5.2 billion expansion of the Washington Metro Silver Line in Virginia from Washington, D.C., to Dulles International Airport received funding approval from the Federal Transit Administration in December 2008.[55] The Silver Line added four stations in Tysons Corner, including a station between Tysons Corner Center and Tysons Galleria. Along with the expansion of Washington Metro, Fairfax County government has a plan to "urbanize" the Tysons Corner area. The plan calls for a private-public partnership and a grid-like street system to make Tysons Corner a more urban environment, tripling available housing to allow more workers to live near their work. The goal is to have 95% of Tysons Corner within 1⁄2-mile (800 m) from a metro station.[56] Employment Fairfax County's average weekly wage during the first quarter of 2005 was $1,181, which is 52% more than the national average.[57] By comparison, the average weekly wage was $1,286 for Arlington – the Washington metropolitan area's highest – $1,277 for Washington, D.C., and $775 for the United States as a whole.[57] The types of jobs available in the area make it very attractive to highly educated workers. The relatively high wages may be partially due to the area's high cost of living.[57] In early 2005, Fairfax County had 553,107 total jobs, up from 372,792 in 1990. In the area, this is second to Washington's 658,505 jobs in 2005 (down from 668,532 in 1990).[57] As of the 2002 Economic Census, Fairfax County has the largest professional, scientific, and technical service sector in the Washington, D.C., area – in terms of the number of business establishments; total sales, shipments, and receipts; payrolls; and number of employees – exceeding the next largest, Washington, D.C., by roughly a quarter overall, and double that of neighboring Montgomery County.[58] Top employers According to the County's 2016 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[59] the county's largest employers are: # Employer # of Employees 1 Fairfax County Public Schools 24,581 2 United States government 23,664 3 Fairfax County government 12,335 4 Inova Health System 7,000–10,000 5 George Mason University 5,000–10,000 6 Booz Allen Hamilton 4,000–6,999 7 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 4,000–6,999 8 General Dynamics 4,000–6,999 9 SAIC 1,000–3,999 10 Northrop Grumman 1,000–3,999 Arts and culture Annual festivals include the "Celebrate Fairfax!" festival held in June at the Fairfax County Government Center in Fairfax City, the Northern Virginia Fine Arts Festival[60] held in May at the Reston Town Center in Reston, and the International Children's Festival held in September at the Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts, which features a performing arts center outside the town of Vienna. Fairfax County supports a summer concert series held in multiple venues throughout the county on various nights. The concert series are called Arts in the Parks, Braddock Nights, Lee District Nights, Mt. Vernon Nights, Nottoway Nights, Spotlight by Starlight, Sounds of Summer and Starlight Cinema.[61] The EagleBank Arena (originally the Patriot Center), on the Fairfax campus of George Mason University just outside the City of Fairfax, hosts concerts and shows. The nearby Center for the Arts at George Mason is a major year-round arts venue, and the Workhouse Arts Center in Lorton, Virginia includes studios for artists, event facilities for performing groups, and gallery exhibitions in addition to hosting the annual Clifton Film Festival.[62] Smaller local art venues include: Alden Theater at the McLean Community Center ArtSpace Herndon Center Stage at the Reston Community Center Greater Reston Arts Center James Lee Community Center Theater Vienna Arts Society Transportation Roads Several major highways run through Fairfax County, including the Capital Beltway (Interstate 495), Interstate 66, Interstate 95, and Interstate 395. The American Legion Bridge connects Fairfax to Montgomery County, Maryland. The George Washington Memorial Parkway, Dulles Toll Road, and Fairfax County Parkway are also major arteries. Other notable roads include Braddock Road, Old Keene Mill Road, Little River Turnpike, State Routes 7, 28, and 123, and US Routes 1, 29, and 50. The county is in the Washington, D.C., metro area, the nation's third most congested area.[63][64][65] Northern Virginia, including Fairfax County, is the third worst congested traffic area in the nation, in terms of percentage of congested roadways and time spent in traffic. Of the lane miles in the region, 44 percent are rated "F" or worst for congestion. Northern Virginia residents spend an average of 46 hours a year stuck in traffic. Major highways I-95 in Fairfax County I-66.svg Interstate 66 I-95.svg Interstate 95 I-395.svg Interstate 395 I-495.svg Interstate 495 (Capital Beltway) US 1.svg U.S. Route 1 US 29.svg U.S. Route 29 US 50.svg U.S. Route 50 Virginia 7.svg State Route 7 Virginia 28.svg State Route 28 Virginia 123.svg State Route 123 Virginia 193.svg State Route 193 Virginia 236.svg State Route 236 Virginia 237.svg State Route 237 Virginia 243.svg State Route 243 Virginia 267.svg State Route 267 (Dulles Toll Road) Virginia 286.svg Virginia 289.svg State Route 286 and State Route 289 (Fairfax and Franconia-Springfield Parkways) George Washington Memorial Parkway Air Washington Dulles International Airport lies partly within Fairfax County and provides most air service to the county. Fairfax is also served by two other airports in the Washington area, Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport and Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport. Manassas Regional Airport, in neighboring Prince William County, is also used for regional cargo and private jet service. Falls Church Airpark, circa 1950. The road at the top of the photo is U.S Route 50 (Arlington Blvd) From 1945 to 1961, the eastern part of Fairfax County hosted Falls Church Airpark, an airfield primarily used for general aviation and civil defense purposes until encroaching residential development forced its closure.[66] The area formerly occupied by the airport is now mainly used as a shopping center with the western end of the complex occupied by the Thomas Jefferson branch of the Fairfax County Public Library system. Parts of several apartment complexes are also located on some of the airport's former grounds.[14][67] Public transportation Fairfax County has multiple public transportation services, including the Washington Metro's Orange, Blue, Yellow, and Silver lines (although as of summer 2020, the Vienna, Dunn Loring and East Falls Church Orange line stations are closed for rebuilding[68]). The Silver line, which runs through the Tysons and Reston areas of the county, opened in 2014 as the first new Washington Metro line since the Green Line opened in 1991.[69] An extension of the Silver line east through Herndon into Loudoun County is anticipated to begin operating sometime in 2020.[70] In addition, the VRE (Virginia Railway Express) provides commuter rail service to Union Station in Washington, D.C., with stations in Fairfax County. The VRE's Fairfax County stations are Lorton and Franconia/Springfield on the Fredericksburg line, and Burke Centre, Rolling Road, and Backlick Road on the Manassas line.[71] Fairfax County contracts its bus service called the Fairfax Connector to Transdev. The county also is served by WMATA's Metrobus service. Parks and recreation The county has many protected areas, a total of over 390 county parks on more than 23,000 acres (93 km2).[72] The Fairfax County Park Authority maintains parks and recreation centers through the county. There are also two national protected areas that are inside the county at least in part, including the Elizabeth Hartwell Mason Neck National Wildlife Refuge, the George Washington Memorial Parkway, and Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts. The Mason Neck State Park is also in Lorton. Fairfax County is member of the Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority. The Reston Zoo is in Reston, Virginia.[73] The National Zoo is located nearby in Washington, D.C. Trails The county maintains many miles of bike trails running through parks, adjacent to roads and through towns such as Vienna and Herndon. The Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail runs through Fairfax County, offering one of the region's best, and safest, routes for recreational walking and biking. In addition, nine miles (14 km) of the Mount Vernon Trail runs through Fairfax County along the Potomac River. However, compared to other regions of the Washington area, Fairfax County has a dearth of designated bike lanes for cyclists wishing to commute in the region. On May 16, 2008, Bike-to-Work Day, the Fairfax County Department of Transportation released the first countywide bicycle route map.[74] The Fairfax Cross County Trail runs from Great Falls National Park in the county's northern end to Occoquan Regional Park in the southern end. Consisting of mostly dirt paths and short asphalt sections, the trail is used mostly by recreational mountain bikers, hikers, and horse riders. Communities Map of Fairfax County showing incorporated towns and CDPs. Herndon McLean Reston Three incorporated towns, Clifton, Herndon, and Vienna, are located entirely within Fairfax County.[75] The independent cities of Falls Church and Fairfax were formed out of areas formerly under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County, but are politically separate, despite the status of the City of Fairfax as county seat. Nevertheless, many areas of Fairfax county have mailing addresses in Alexandria, Falls Church, and Fairfax City despite not being part of any of these cities. In this case of Alexandria, many locals refer to these non-City of Alexandria neighborhoods collectively as "South Alexandria", "Lower Alexandria", or "Alexandria, Fairfax County."[76] "South Alexandria" communities include Hollin Hills, Franconia, Groveton, Hybla Valley, Huntington, Belle Haven, Mount Vernon, Fort Hunt, Engleside, Burgundy Village, Waynewood, Wilton Woods, Rose Hill, Virginia Hills, Hayfield, and Kingstowne. It has been proposed[77] to convert the entire county into a single independent city, primarily to gain more control over taxes and roads. The most recent such proposal was made June 30, 2009. Other communities within Fairfax County are unincorporated areas. Virginia law dictates that no unincorporated area of a county may be incorporated as a separate town or city following the adoption of the urban county executive form of government.[78] Fairfax County adopted the urban county executive form of government in 1966.[22][23] As of the 2000 census, the thirteen largest communities of Fairfax County are all unincorporated CDPs, the largest of which are Burke, Reston, and Annandale, each with a population exceeding 40,000. (The largest incorporated place in the county is the town of Herndon, its fourteenth-largest community.)[citation needed] Census-designated places The following localities within Fairfax County are identified by the U.S. Census Bureau as (unincorporated) Census-Designated Places:[79] Annandale Bailey's Crossroads Belle Haven Burke Burke Centre Centreville Chantilly Crosspointe Dranesville Dunn Loring Fair Lakes Fair Oaks Fairfax Station Floris Fort Belvoir Fort Hunt Franconia Franklin Farm George Mason Great Falls Greenbriar Groveton Hayfield Huntington Hybla Valley Idylwood Kings Park Kings Park West Kingstowne Lake Barcroft Laurel Hill Lincolnia Long Branch Lorton Mantua Mason Neck McLean McNair Merrifield Mount Vernon Newington Newington Forest North Springfield Oakton Pimmit Hills Ravensworth Reston Rose Hill Seven Corners South Run Springfield Tysons Wakefield West Falls Church West Springfield Wolf Trap Woodburn Woodlawn Other communities Accotink Arcturus Barkers Crossroads Blevinstown Browns Mill Butts Corner Cobbs Corner Colchester Colchester Hunt Comptons Corner Cooktown Crowells Corner Culmore Donovans Corner Doveville Farrs Corner Five Forks Four Corners Hattontown Hollindale Jermantown Langley Lees Corner Lewinsville Lewis Park Makleys Corner Matildaville New Alexandria Oak Hill Odricks Corner Pohick Schneider Crossroads Shady Oak Strathmeade Springs Sunset Hills Uniontown Virginia Hills Westhampton Notable people This section may contain indiscriminate, excessive, or irrelevant examples. Please improve the article by adding more descriptive text and removing less pertinent examples. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for further suggestions. (August 2015) See also: Notable people from McLean, Virginia Historic figures George Mason – Of Gunston Hall, "Father of the Bill of Rights"[80] George Washington – Proprietor of Mount Vernon Plantation in Fairfax County, first Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, and first President of the United States[81] Richard Bland Lee I – Of Sully Plantation, Representative to the United States House of Representatives from 1789 to 1795 Fitzhugh Lee – Of Clermont (Alexandria, Virginia), Governor of Virginia from 1886 to 1890[82] Politicians Sharon Bulova – Current chairman of the board of supervisors Gerry Connolly – U.S. Congressman (VA-11) and former Chairman of the Fairfax County board of supervisors Tom Davis – former U.S. Congressman (VA-11) Katherine Hanley – Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth and former County Board Chair John Warner – former U.S. Senator (R) Jim Webb – former U.S. Senator (D) Nguyễn Cao Kỳ – South Vietnamese Prime Minister, Vice President, and Air-Force General. Initially lived in Fairfax County in the late 1970s after the fall of Saigon. Barbara Comstock – Former U.S. Congresswoman (VA-10) and former Virginia Delegate (R-34) James Gattuso - Senior Research Fellow for the Heritage Foundation and former Associate Director for Vice President Dan Quayle. Professionals Catherine Coleman – Astronaut[83] Kjell Lindgren - NASA astronaut.[84] Sean Parker – co-founder of Napster, Plaxo, and Causes Urban Search and Rescue Virginia Task Force 1 – a response team that has been deployed to recent disasters in Haiti and Japan Sports figures Bruce Arena – Head Coach of the United States men's national soccer team Eric Barton – former NFL linebacker Brian Carroll – Midfielder for the Philadelphia Union Hubert Davis – Retired basketball player Mia Hamm – U.S. Olympic and professional soccer player Allen Johnson - 110m hurdles U.S. Olympic gold medalist Andy Heck – former NFL football player Grant Hill – Former NBA player Bhawoh Jue – Defensive back for the Green Bay Packers Brian Kendrick – Professional wrestler Javier López – Former Pitcher for the Colorado Rockies, Arizona Diamondbacks, Boston Red Sox, Pittsburgh Pirates, and the San Francisco Giants and 4-time World Series Champion Keith Allen Lyle – Retired safety for the Los Angeles / St Louis Rams Michael McCrary – Former NFL Defensive End Ed Moses – U.S. Olympic swimmer[85] Scott Norwood – Retired kicker for the Buffalo Bills Alex Riley – Professional wrestler currently signed to World Wrestling Entertainment Eddie Royal – Wide Receiver for the Chicago Bears Evan Royster – free agent NFL running back Mike Glennon – Quarterback for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers Joe Saunders – Starting pitcher for the Seattle Mariners Justin Spring- U.S. Olympic gymnast Tommy Steenberg – U.S. Figure Skater Chris Warren – former NFL running back Alan Webb – U.S. Olympic track runner and American record holder in the Mile run Michael Weiss – Figure skater Kate Ziegler – U.S. Olympic Swimmer Entertainers Kevin Michael "Toby" McKeehan – Grammy Award winning artist, producer, and songwriter Julianne Moore – Oscar-winning actress who lived in Fairfax County in the mid-1970s and attended J.E.B. Stuart High School for two years Yoochun "Micky" Park – Singer in the Korean groups TVXQ and JYJ Chung Jae Young – K-pop R&B/Soul artist[86] Lauren Graham – Actress on Gilmore Girls[87] Dave Grohl – Drummer for Nirvana and front man for The Foo Fighters Dismemberment Plan – former band led by Travis Morrison John Jackson – Blues guitarist, master of the Piedmont style Jason Sudeikis – Writer and actor (Saturday Night Live writer 2003–2005) Jimmy Workman – Actor in The Addams Family (1991) and Addams Family Values (1993). Christina Hendricks – Actress in Mad Men and Firefly, attended Fairfax High School. Prince Poppycock – Season Five fourth place finalist of America's Got Talent from Great Falls. Nguyễn Cao Kỳ Duyên – Grew up in Fairfax County after the fall of Saigon. Co-host of Thuy Nga's Paris By Night. Amy Ziff – Musician in BETTY.[88] Elizabeth Ziff – Musician in BETTY.[89] Other Jayson Blair – former The New York Times reporter who fabricated stories John Davidson – Union Army general Robert Hanssen – American spy who sold secrets to the USSR and Russia. Christopher McCandless – American wanderer who went to Alaska to try to "find himself" and died in the process. The novel Into the Wild is based on his journey. Seung-hui Cho – Shooter who perpetrated the Virginia Tech shooting Steve Scully – Host, political editor, and senior producer of C-SPAN's Washington Journal, resides in Fairfax Station with his family. Lorenzo Odone – Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) patient who inspired the film, Lorenzo's Oil Sister cities  Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (2009)[90]  Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (2009)[90][91]  Keçiören, Ankara, Turkey (2012)[90] See also flag Virginia portal Fairfax County Chamber of Commerce Fairfax County Economic Development Authority Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department Fairfax County Police Department Fairfax County Sheriff's Office List of companies headquartered in Northern Virginia List of federal agencies in Northern Virginia National Register of Historic Places listings in Fairfax County, Virginia Classification of railway accidents, both in terms of cause and effect, is a valuable aid in studying rail (and other) accidents to help to prevent similar ones occurring in the future. Systematic investigation for over 150 years has led to the railways' excellent safety record (compared, for example, with road transport). Ludwig von Stockert (1913) proposed a classification of accidents by their effects (consequences); e.g. head-on-collisions, rear-end collisions, derailments. Schneider and Mase (1968) proposed an additional classification by causes; e.g. driver's errors, signalmen's errors, mechanical faults. Similar categorisations had been made by implication in previous books e.g. Rolt (1956), but Stockert's and Schneider/Mase's are more systematic and complete. With minor changes, they represent best knowledge. Classification of rail accidents by effects Collisions Head-on collision Rear collision Slanting collision Collisions with buffer stops Collisions with obstructions of the track (may also cause derailment) Derailments Plain track Curves Junctions Other Fires, explosions and release of hazardous chemicals (including sabotage/terrorism) People falling from trains, collisions with people on tracks Classification of rail accidents by causes Drivers' errors Passing signals at danger Excessive speed Mishandling of the engine (e.g. boiler explosions) Failure to check brakes and safety systems as well as sand reserve Failure to stop at required positions, e.g. level crossings with defective equipment or shunting movements that lead to occupied tracks. Signalmen's errors Allowing two trains into same occupied block section Incorrect operation of signals, points or token equipment (Mechanical) failure of rolling stock Poor design Poor maintenance Undetected damage Overloading or freight that is not adequately secured. Fire starting from combustion motors, electric cables or equipment, leaking fuel or cooling oil Civil engineering failure Track (permanent way) faults Bridge and tunnel collapses Poor track or junction layout Acts of other people Other railway personnel (shunters, porters, maintenance personnel, etc.) Non-railway personnel Accidental Accidental track obstruction e.g. with road vehicles or by working construction vehicles Deliberate (vandalism, terrorism, suicide, extortion, sabotage) Deliberate track obstruction, e.g. with road vehicles or (heavy) objects Intentional damage to infrastructure like tracks, points or signals Level crossing misuse Trespassing Natural causes Track obstruction or damage by landslides, avalanches, floods, trees Fog or snow that obscure signals or the current position of the train Wet leaves (or their remains) making the tracks slippery. Contributory factors Strength of rolling stock Fire hazards or dangerous goods in the train, in involved road vehicles or the vicinity Effectiveness of brakes Inadequate rules References Ludwig von Stockert (1913), Eisenbahnunfalle (Railway Accidents - a contribution to railway operating technology). Leipzig 1913. Schneider, Wolfgang; Armand Mase (1968). Katastrophen auf Schienen. In German, English translation 1979 by E.L. Dellow as Railway Accidents of Great Britain and Europe. Orell Fussli Verlag (German), David and Charles (English). SBN 7153 4791 8. Rolt, L.T.C. (1956). Red for Danger. Bodley Head / David and Charles / Pan Books. Later editions available. A train wreck or train crash is a type of disaster involving one or more trains. Train wrecks often occur as a result of miscommunication, as when a moving train meets another train on the same track; or an accident, such as when a train wheel jumps off a track in a derailment; or when a boiler explosion occurs. Train wrecks have often been widely covered in popular media and in folklore. A head-on collision between two trains is colloquially called a "cornfield meet" in the United States.[1] Contents 1 See also 2 References 3 Further reading 4 External links See also icon Trains portal Lists of rail accidents List of accidents and disasters by death toll Classification of railway accidents Boiler explosion Bridge disaster Derailment Level crossing crashes Runaway Signal passed at danger Tram accident Wrong-side failure The crash at Crush, Texas, an intentional train wreck conducted as a publicity stunt Emergency management Head-on collision Railway accident deaths

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